移动通信网 程然
SpaceX 正在加速推进其全国性移动网络计划。据报道,该公司正在与美国主要铁塔运营商洽谈租用至少 8 万个基站站点的接入权,为 Starlink Mobile 构建一张足以与 AT&T、Verizon 和 T-Mobile US 三大传统运营商正面竞争的全国移动网络。美国最大铁塔运营商之一 Crown Castle 证实正在与卫星通信行业多方接触,潜在交易规模可能达数十亿美元。这一动向标志着 SpaceX 从“卫星补充运营商覆盖”向“独立移动运营商”的角色转变进入实质性阶段。
卫星加地面:混合组网路线图成型
铁塔协议将成为 SpaceX “卫星直连终端 + 地面基础设施”混合组网战略的关键一环。Crown Castle CEO Chris Hillabrant 在本周财报电话会议上表示,公司正与卫星电信行业广泛洽谈,但拒绝透露具体客户:“可以假设我们正在与所有相关方对话。”对于 SpaceX 而言,单纯依赖卫星无法支撑城市密集区域的容量需求,地面基站的补位不可或缺,这也是其区别于传统 D2D 卫星玩家的核心策略。
时间表方面,SpaceX 计划在明年部署第二代 Starlink Mobile 星座之后,于 2028 年初正式推出自有 D2D 服务。频谱资源也已基本就位:本月早些时候,公司同意从 Grain Management 收购 800MHz 频段最高 14MHz 的成对频谱,马斯克称这是“SpaceX 在美国提供完整手机覆盖所需的频谱拼图的最后一块关键拼图”。此外,公司已获得 FCC 批准,可发射 1.5 万颗下一代 D2D 卫星。
【关键数据】
- 目标站点数量: 至少 80,000 个美国基站站点(潜在交易价值数十亿美元)
- 频谱收购: 800MHz 频段最高 14MHz 成对频谱,来自 Grain Management
- 卫星批复: 15,000 颗下一代 D2D 卫星获 FCC 发射许可
- 商用节点: 第二代星座明年部署,2028 年初推出自有 D2D 服务
三大运营商的质疑与现实壁垒
对于 SpaceX 的入局,传统运营商并未表现出过多焦虑。AT&T CEO John Stankey 本周直言,构建一张能够匹配现有网络性能的网络需要长期投入:“要让网络达到用户在规模化网络中习以为常的性能水平,需要很多年和巨额投资。”他同时强调 AT&T 持有丰富的低频段频谱和成熟的基础设施,在既有覆盖区域的服务能力难以撼动。
T-Mobile 新任 CEO Srini Gopalan 八月接受英国《金融时报》采访时也持类似立场,认为来自卫星运营商的威胁被夸大,并质疑一项新服务究竟能解决用户的哪些实际痛点。不过,SpaceX 总裁 Gwynne Shotwell 在第三季度财报电话会议上回应称,频谱交易与卫星审批“为 Starlink Mobile 成为美国主要移动运营商铺平了道路”。值得注意的是,T-Mobile 目前仍是 Starlink D2D 服务的合作伙伴,竞争与合作关系如何演变存在不确定性。
格局重塑:2028 年前的窗口期博弈
从产业视角看,SpaceX 的路径类似于“天基频谱 + 地面锚点”的非对称竞争:先以卫星覆盖解决广域和室内外无缝体验,再通过铁塔租约填补容量短板,最后以自有频谱和用户品牌完成闭环。如果 8 万站点的租约落地,其地面基础设施规模将迅速逼近区域型运营商水平。未来两到三年将成为关键窗口期——星座部署进度、频谱整合效率以及首个商用定价策略,将决定这场卫星巨头与传统运营商的正面对决能否真正改写美国移动市场格局。
出处:SpaceX eyes 80,000 US cell sites for Starlink Mobile
英文原文SpaceX is reportedly in talks with tower companies to secure access to at least 80,000 US sites, as it presses ahead with plans to build a nationwide mobile network to rival incumbents AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile US. According to Bloomberg , major US tower operator Crown Castle is among the companies discussing leases with SpaceX, with potential deals worth billions of dollars. On an earnings call earlier this week, Crown Castle CEO Chris Hillabrant said the company was holding talks across the satellite telecommunications sector but declined to discuss specific customers, noting: “You can assume that we’re talking to all parties.” The tower agreements would form a key part of SpaceX’s plan to combine satellite connectivity with ground-based infrastructure to establish a nationwide mobile network. It is targeting early 2028 for a launch for its own direct-to-device (D2D) service, following the deployment of its second generation Starlink Mobile constellation expected next year. Earlier this month, the company agreed to acquire up to 14MHz of paired spectrum in the 800MHz band from Grain Management, in a move chief Elon Musk said was “the last critical piece of the spectrum puzzle needed for SpaceX to provide complete phone coverage in America”. It also secured Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval to launch 15,000 next-generation satellites for D2D services. SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell said on the company’s Q3 earnings call the spectrum deal and satellite approval “pave the way for Starlink Mobile to become a major mobile carrier in the US”. Rivals SpaceX’s approach has drawn scepticism from some parties over whether it can match the coverage and performance of established networks. AT&T CEO John Stankey argued earlier this week building a network capable of matching incumbent performance would take time. “I think it takes a lot of years and a huge level of investment to get to the kind of performance levels that customers have become accustomed to in scaled networks,” he said. Stankey also highlighted AT&T’s extensive low-band spectrum holdings and existing infrastructure, arguing the operator already serves customers across established coverage areas. Meanwhile, T-Mobile CEO Srini Gopalan told the Financial Times in August that the threat from satellite providers had been exaggerated, questioning what consumer problems a new service would solve. The post SpaceX eyes 80,000 US cell sites for Starlink Mobile appeared first on Mobile World Live .