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随着半导体制程迈入纳米尺度、工作电压持续下探,静电放电(ESD)正成为电子制造业无法回避的隐形成本。仅 100 伏的静电放电,就足以让按 1.2 伏电压设计的敏感芯片出现性能劣化甚至完全失效。为帮助工程师系统掌握防护设计方法,IEEE 近期推出了"实用 ESD 防护设计"(Practical ESD Protection Design)课程及认证项目,面向设计工程师、技术人员和质量保障人员开放。
看不见的杀手:ESD 为何愈发致命
根据 EOS/ESD 协会的定义,静电放电是高静电场诱发的电荷快速自发转移,通常发生在两个电位不同的物体接触或近距离靠近时,电子在瞬间跨越间隙,往往伴随微小火花。对日常生活中的静电现象,人们早已习以为常,但对芯片而言,这类放电可能直接烧毁电路通路,或埋下潜在缺陷,在产品生命周期后期才引发故障。
行业数据显示,ESD 是制造和搬运环节中超过 30% 半导体失效的元凶。损失规模也随器件复杂度急剧放大:一个简单二极管的损伤成本可能只有几美分,而复杂集成电路的单次损毁可达数千美元。若再计入返工、人力、物流和管理成本,制造商承担的总损失相当可观。器件越做越小、越做越敏感,ESD 风险与财务影响同步攀升,这一矛盾在先进制程时代尤为突出。
【关键数据】
- 最低工作电压: 先进半导体器件可低至 1.2 V
- ESD 致损比例: 制造与搬运环节超过 30% 的半导体失效由 ESD 引起
- 单次损伤成本: 从数美分(二极管)到数千美元(复杂集成电路)
- 认证学时: 89 个专业发展学时(PDH),8.9 个继续教育学分(CEU)
标准驱动的课程体系
此次推出的课程基于行业标准设计,内容对齐 ANSI/ESD S20.20–21《电气与电子零件防护》及其他行业指南,涵盖基础理论、真实案例分析与实用缓解技术三大模块,采用交互式教学形式。课程既适合个人提升,也可作为企业完善 ESD 控制体系的组织级培训方案。完成学习并通过考核后,学员可获得 IEEE 颁发的证书,对应 89 个专业发展学时和 8.9 个继续教育学分。
IEEE 会员、ESD 行业专家、Northwest Engineering Solutions 执行顾问 Zachariah Peterson 指出,ESD 相关能力在从设计、测试到现场设备维护的多个环节都有价值。"ESD 导致的设备失效带来的不只是返工成本,还会损害公司品牌。能够预判 ESD 风险,让工程师在打造可靠产品和持久业务上占据关键优势。"
先进应用推高防护门槛
在 AI、5G 和边缘计算快速落地的当下,市场对高性能、高可靠性芯片的需求持续增长,容错空间却在不断收窄。通信基站、边缘服务器等场景对器件长期可靠性的要求,使 ESD 控制从制造环节的辅助课题,转变为贯穿设计、封装、测试和运维全链条的系统工程。从长期看,掌握 ESD 防护设计能力的工程师和企业在先进芯片竞争中,将获得显著的质量与成本优势。
出处:protect it from the discharge
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The Institute
Magazine
Article
December 2025
Semiconductors
Careers
Protecting Electronics Against Electrostatic Discharge
An IEEE course covers ways to protect chips from jolts of volts
Angelique Parashis
05 Aug 2025
2 min read
iStock
Today’s
semiconductor devices
are built with nanometer-scale features and operate at increasingly lower voltages—which makes them more susceptible to even minor electrical overstress.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a persistent, costly challenge in the electronics industry. A discharge of just 100 volts can degrade or destroy sensitive components designed to operate at voltages as low as 1.2 V.
According to the
EOS/ESD Association
, ESD rapidly and spontaneously transfers an electrostatic charge induced by a high electrostatic field. It typically occurs when two objects with different electrical potentials come into contact or close proximity, allowing electrons to jump between them, often through a small spark.
ESD can cause immediate physical damage to circuit paths or introduce latent defects that lead to failures later in the product life cycle.
As electrical devices become smaller and more sensitive, the ESD risks grow, along with their financial impact.
Industry experts estimate that
ESD is responsible for more than 30 percent
of semiconductor failures during manufacturing and handling.
The financial impact can add up quickly. The cost of the discharge damage can range from a few US cents for a simple
diode
to thousands of dollars for complex
integrated circuits
, according to the EOS/ESD Association. When factoring in revisions, labor, shipping, and overhead, the total cost to manufacturers can be substantial.
A new ESD protection design program
To equip engineers, technicians, and quality-assurance professionals with knowledge and tools to mitigate electrostatic discharge, IEEE has launched a
Practical ESD Protection Design
course and certificate program.
The new training is suitable for individuals and organizations seeking to improve their ESD control.
The standards-based instruction is aligned with
ANSI/ESD S20.20–21: Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts
and other industry guidelines. The interactive modules cover theory, real-world case studies, and practical mitigation techniques.
“An understanding of ESD is valued in multiple areas, ranging from design to testing and handling equipment in the field,” says
Zachariah Peterson
, an IEEE member and ESD industry expert and executive consultant for
Northwest Engineering Solutions
, in Portland, Ore.
“Equipment failure due to ESD results in more than just rework costs, the damage is also to a company’s brand. The ability to anticipate ESD gives engineers a critical leg up in building reliable products and a durable business.”
After successfully completing the training program, learners earn an IEEE certificate for 89 professional development hours and 8.9 continuing education units.
As the electronics industry evolves, the importance of ESD control is likely to increase. With the rise of
artificial intelligence
,
5G
, and
edge computing
, the demand for high-performance, reliable chips is growing while the margin for error is shrinking.
The IEEE Practical ESD Protection Design program is not just a preventative measure; it’s a strategic choice that can support innovation, quality, and long-term success.
This article appears in the December 2025 print issue as “New Course: Protecting Chips From Jolts of Volts.”
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Angelique Parashis
Angelique Parashis
is senior manager, education marketing, for IEEE Educational Activities.
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