移动通信网 程然
SpaceX正在把Starlink的移动雄心从太空拉回地面。据彭博社报道,该公司正与美国主要铁塔基础设施公司洽谈,希望获得约8万个移动站址的使用权,用于建设地面无线网络。这一站址规模与AT&T、T-Mobile和Verizon的现有网络大体相当,标志着Starlink向"美国主流移动运营商"的目标迈出了实质性一步。此前在周二的财报电话会议上,马斯克坦言需要详细解释这一战略,因为它与传统网络玩法截然不同。
地面网络:从卫星叙事到传统基建
尽管马斯克在X上表示"蜂窝行业老兵看着现有棋盘上的棋子看不到解决方案,他们不理解SpaceX正在开发从根本上改变战略格局的全新棋子",但Starlink的地面移动网络路径却相当传统。报道称谈判对象包括美国最大铁塔公司之一Crown Castle。该公司CEO Christian Hillabrant本周被问及是否已与SpaceX及其他卫星玩家展开谈判时回应称"正在与所有各方洽谈",并直言SpaceX的移动雄心可能成为这家无线基础设施公司的"催化剂"。
不过市场态度依然审慎。New Street Research分析师David Barden在研究报告中指出,据其与SpaceX的沟通,公司仍希望与美国运营商之一达成MVNO协议,铁塔建设与MVNO并非互斥,"但目的何在?"他写道:"作为铁塔板块的长期看好者,好消息总是受欢迎的,但在完全买账之前,我们仍希望看到马斯克关于SpaceX移动战略的详细演示。"
另一条可能的路径是收购Dish的资产。TMF Associates分析师Tim Farrar在评论彭博报道时分析称:"显而易见的起点是收购Ergen现有的网络,相关的租约将并入与铁塔公司的谈判中。"若成行,SpaceX将直接获得现成的地面网络骨架,大幅缩短建设周期。
【关键数据】
- 目标站址规模: 80,000个移动站址,与AT&T、T-Mobile、Verizon网络规模相当(Starlink地面网络核心资产)
- D2D卫星部署: FCC批准部署最高15,000颗"V2"直连手机卫星,期限9年
- 频谱储备: 从Grain Management收购14MHz低频800MHz频谱,叠加EchoStar的S频段
- 星座规划: 约100,000颗在轨卫星,单星带宽超现役Starlink系统10倍(总带宽预计3年内提升100倍)
- 收入目标: 连接业务年收入1,000亿美元

频谱拼图与AI带宽叙事
频谱是Starlink移动战略的另一块拼图。SpaceX已获得FCC批准部署最高1.5万颗"V2"直连手机(D2D)卫星,并正从Grain Management手中收购14MHz的800MHz低频段频谱。SpaceX总裁Gwynne Shotwell在财报电话会议上表示,这些资产叠加将推动公司成为"美国主流移动运营商"。批评者则认为,包括低频频谱在内的SpaceX频谱持有量,尚不足以与三大运营商正面抗衡。
Shotwell进一步透露了技术路线:Starlink Mobile将主要使用来自EchoStar收购的S频段频谱,低频频谱用于"穿透建筑"保障室内覆盖,同时利用Starlink屋顶天线和"其他铁塔"作为基础设施。她还强调Starlink宽带业务将纳入整体方案,因为"绝大多数移动连接实际上走的是WiFi"。
支撑这套激进规划的是AI带宽需求叙事。马斯克称,未来三到五年带宽需求将是今天的1000倍。"AI或SI(超级智能)代理,单代理消耗的带宽将远超一个人,而且代理数量将远超人口数量。这最终需要通信带宽提升几个数量级。"Shotwell也指出,连接汽车、机器人以及超级智能的普及,将使通信需求"不是按百分比增长,而是按数量级增长"。马斯克预计Starlink星座总带宽"大概在未来三年内"达到目前的100倍,在轨卫星数量将达约10万颗,单星带宽超过现役系统的10倍。
立场转向:从互补者到挑战者
耐人寻味的是马斯克立场的转变。2020年3月,他在Satellite 2020大会上明确表示:"Starlink不是电信运营商的巨大威胁。我想说得非常清楚:它不是。"当时Starlink宽带的定位是帮助运营商将互联网服务延伸至难以覆盖的区域。六年之后,这家公司正计划正面挑战美国传统运营商,只是威胁的规模在细节揭晓前难以准确评估。
从行业视角看,SpaceX的混合卫星/地面网络若落地,将重塑美国无线市场格局。对铁塔公司而言,新增一个全国规模的租户显然是利好;对三大运营商而言,一个手握S频段、低频频谱和8万站址资源的新玩家,叠加星地融合的差异化能力,是不容忽视的变量。马斯克承诺将举办更长的战略演示来回应质疑——在那之前,市场能做的只有等待,并评估这场棋局中新棋子的真实分量。
出处:Musk's mobile plan comes down to Earth with tower talk
英文原文Satellite
5G
Broadband
Regulatory & Politics
News
Musk's mobile plan comes down to Earth with tower talk
SpaceX is in talks with Crown Castle and other towercos to gain access to 80,000 mobile sites to build a terrestrial network, reports Bloomberg.
Michelle Donegan
,
Senior Editor, Light Reading
October 23, 2026
4 Min Read
(Source: US Space Force/Alamy Stock Photo)
SpaceX says Starlink is going to be a "major mobile carrier" in the US. It's still unclear how it's going to do that with a hybrid satellite/terrestrial network, or why it wants to, even after management fielded equity analysts' questions during this week's earnings call. Elon Musk admitted he needs to explain the plan and suggested it is not understood because it so different from any traditional network play.
"We definitely need to explain this in detail. Veterans of the cellular industry look at the chess board of existing pieces and don't see a solution. They don't understand that SpaceX is developing entirely new pieces that fundamentally alter the strategic landscape," Musk
posted on X
.
Speaking on the investor call, he said the company should hold a longer presentation about the Starlink "game plan" and why he thinks the connectivity business will be generating $100 billion in revenue per year, at some unspecified point. "You are missing some of the pieces that we know about internally," he said.
Related:
Musk, genius or lunatic, has no mobile answer in space or on land
Despite the cryptic messaging, Starlink's terrestrial mobile network looks to be taking a rather conventional approach.
SpaceX is reportedly in discussions with tower infrastructure companies in the US about getting access to 80,000 sites to build its terrestrial wireless network,
according to Bloomberg
. Such a footprint would be about the same size as the networks of AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon.
The report namechecked Crown Castle as one of the towercos. Crown Castle CEO Christian Hillabrant said this week that the company was "talking to all of them" when asked whether discussions were already underway with SpaceX and other satellite players. He also said SpaceX's mobile ambitions could be a "catalyst" for the wireless infrastructure company.
According to a
research note
by New Street Research Analyst David Barden, SpaceX still says it still wants an MVNO deal with one of the US carriers, based on conversations with the company. A tower buildout and MVNO would not be "mutually exclusive," he noted, "but to what end?"
"As long-time fans of the tower sector, good news is always welcome, however we still would like to see Elon's presentation on SpaceX's mobile strategy before fully buying into the hype," he wrote.
Others speculate another route for Starlink's ground game would be to buy Dish's assets. Commenting on Bloomberg's report, TMF Associates analyst Tim Farrar
posted on X
: "Obviously the starting point will be the acquisition of Ergen's existing network, with those leases wrapped into the discussions with the tower companies."
Related:
FCC OKs SpaceX to deploy 15K D2D satellites, and nine years to complete it
AI agents will need more bandwidth
Starlink gained FCC approval to deploy up to 15,000 "V2" satellites for direct-to-device services and is acquiring 14MHz of lowband 800MHz band spectrum from Grain Management. Together, this puts the company on a path to becoming "major mobile carrier in the US," said Gwynne Shotwell, president of SpaceX, speaking on the earnings call on Tuesday.
Critics say SpaceX's spectrum holdings, including the lowband spectrum, are
not enough
to match the big three carriers.
Shotwell said Starlink Mobile will mostly use S-band spectrum (from the EchoStar spectrum acquisition) and the lowband spectrum would support that to "penetrate buildings" for indoor coverage, while leveraging Starlink rooftop dishes and "other towers" for infrastructure. She also said Starlink Broadband will be in the mix since "the vast majority of mobile connectivity is actually WiFi."
She and Musk both hinted that Starlink will be connecting more than humans.
"Connecting cars, robots, and the adoption of super intelligence will increase communication demands not in percentages but in many orders of magnitudes," she said.
Musk said demand for bandwidth in the next three to five years will be 1000-times higher than it is today.
Related:
SpaceX eyes full Starship recovery as Starlink subs miss estimates
"AI or SI agents will, on a per agent basis, use far more bandwidth than a person and there will be far more agents than there are people. So, this ends up requiring a several orders of magnitude increase in communication bandwidth in order to satisfy that communication demand," he said.
The Starlink constellation is expected to have 100-times the bandwidth that it does today "probably within the next three years," according to Musk.
SpaceX will put "on the order of" 100,000 satellites into orbit, "each of which have more than 10-times the bandwidth of the current Starlink system," he explained. "Revenue for Starlink will be at least somewhat proportionate to the total bandwidth delivered. We will also have high bandwidth direct-to-cell capability, and we will be building out our terrestrial networks so that there's broad-based connectivity anywhere in the world that SpaceX and Starlink are allowed to operate."
Musk changes his tune
Back in March 2020, Musk positioned Starlink's broadband service as a help to telcos to bring Internet service to hard-to-reach areas.
As Light Reading reported at the time
, he told the Satellite 2020 conference: "Starlink is not some huge threat to telcos. I want to be super clear: it is not."
That's all changed as the company now plans to take on the traditional US carriers. But the size of the threat is hard to scope without more details about the satellite/terrestrial network plan.
About the Author
Michelle Donegan
Senior Editor, Light Reading
Michelle Donegan covers all things 5G, 6G and mobile tech for Light Reading. She has been writing about the telecoms sector since the early 1990s.
Her first job was with Global Telephony magazine in Chicago, where she got an intro to publishing and tech reporting. After moving to the UK in 1999, she has covered telecoms tech, business and policy issues at publications including Communications Week International and Total Telecom. She was also part of Light Reading’s European editorial team from 2007 to 2013. Between stints at Light Reading, she was busy freelancing and was a regular contributor to Mobile Europe, Mobile World Live, TelcoTitans, TM Forum, and more.
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