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日本政府将以 200 亿美元投资美国两座新建半导体制造基地,并选定格芯(GlobalFoundries)作为运营方。这一安排是日美更广泛贸易协议的组成部分——日本承诺对美投资 5500 亿美元,换取美国下调日本商品关税。两座新厂将落户格芯位于纽约州马耳他(Malta)的现有园区,目标是加速美国本土“可信半导体制造”布局,强化关键供应链,并满足汽车、工业及互联基础设施市场持续攀升的芯片需求。
马耳他园区的产能跃升
根据安排,日本将先行投入约 100 亿美元,加速一座全新 300mm 晶圆厂的建设,该厂预计 2029 年投产,满负荷运行时每年可贡献约 90 万片晶圆产能。后续追加的 100 亿美元将用于建设第二座 fab,产能规模与首厂相当,两厂合计将新增约 180 万片年产能。对于格芯而言,这是其近年来最大规模的产能扩张计划——作为一家以成熟制程和特色工艺见长的代工厂,格芯的战略重心始终不在先进制程竞赛,而在汽车、物联网、射频等差异化细分市场,此次扩产与其既有定位高度吻合。
就业层面,整个项目预计将在纽约州首府地区创造约 2.7 万个建设和生态圈岗位,以及超过 1000 个高技能制造岗位。对纽约上州这一传统制造业腹地而言,芯片制造带来的产业集聚效应,意义不限于工厂本身。
【关键数据】
- 总投资额: 200 亿美元(分两期,各约 100 亿美元)
- 合计新增年产能: 约 180 万片 300mm 晶圆(单厂约 90 万片)
- 首厂投产时间: 2029 年
- 就业规模: 约 2.7 万个建设及生态岗位、超 1000 个制造岗位
- 美国政府持股变化: 新增约 4% 股权,总持股升至 7%(政府直接入股代工厂)

资金腾挪与国家入股:产业政策的新形态
同日披露的另一项安排同样值得关注。格芯与美国商务部达成协议,修改《芯片与科学法案》下的既有拨款条款,将 9.95 亿美元重新分配至硅光子等前沿技术领域的投资。官方表述称,此举将扩大那些对通信基础设施和数据中心“日益关键”的技术的制造能力。硅光子正成为 AI 数据中心互连的核心技术路径之一,格芯此前已在光子集成电路领域布局多年,此次资金调整可视作对其差异化战略的政策背书。
更具突破性的是股权安排——作为单独协议的一部分,美国政府将获得格芯约 4% 的股权,使其总持股比例达到 7%。政府直接入股商业代工厂,在半导体产业史上极为罕见,标志着美国产业政策正从单纯补贴向“补贴加股权”的深度绑定模式演进。格芯 CEO Thomas Caulfield 将这一计划称为半导体制造领域的“大胆新步伐”,融合了美国的差异化技术与日本数十年的制造经验;美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克则表示,特朗普政府的日美贸易协议“正在为美国带来又一项大规模制造业投资”。
产业格局影响与产能落地悬念
从行业视角看,此项目延续了 2025 年以来日美半导体合作的基本走向——此前日本企业已有多轮对美制造投资承诺,而由日本政府资金直接注入美国本土产能并由美国代工厂运营的模式,则进一步模糊了国家产业政策的边界。对全球晶圆代工格局而言,新增 180 万片 300mm 产能若顺利落地,将一定程度缓解特色工艺环节的供给紧张,但 2029 年的投产节点也意味着,实际效果取决于未来数年汽车和工业芯片需求的兑现程度。
需要关注的是,政府持股、跨国注资与 CHIPS 法案资金腾挪三者叠加,正在重塑公共资本介入半导体产业的方式。这种模式若在格芯身上跑通,不排除在其他厂商和盟友间复制的可能。从长期看,200 亿美元能否换来一个更韧性的跨太平洋芯片供应链,2029 年的首片晶圆下线将是最直接的检验节点。
出处:GlobalFoundries to run Japan, US $20B chip sites
英文原文Japan will pump $20 billion in funding into two new semiconductor facilities in the US as part of a trade agreement between the two countries, with GlobalFoundries selected to operate the sites. The move forms part of a wider trade deal between the countries for Japan to invest $550 billion in return for the US lowering tariffs of Japanese goods. GlobalFoundries will build the new sites at its Malta, New York, campus with the initiative designed to accelerate trusted semiconductor manufacturing in the US, strengthen critical supply chains and support growing demand across automotive, industrial and connected infrastructure markets. Japan will make an initial investment of approximately $10 billion, accelerating construction of a new 300mm semiconductor fab which is expected to come online in 2029. It will add approximately 900,000 wafers of annual manufacturing capacity when fully operational. An additional $10 billion will fund a second fab, which will produce the same amount of wafers. The entire project is expected to create about 27,000 construction and ecosystem jobs and more than 1,000 highly skilled manufacturing jobs in New York’s Capital Region. Bold GlobalFoundries has also agreed a deal with the US Commerce Department to amend an existing award under the CHIPS and Science Act to reallocate $995 million towards investments in silicon photonics and other areas. This will expand manufacturing capacity for technologies “increasingly critical to communications infrastructure and data centres”. As part of a separate arrangement, the US government will receive approximately 4% equity in GlobalFoundries, taking its total stake to 7%. Tom Breen, CEO of GlobalFoundries said the initiative was a bold new step for semiconductor manufacturing, bringing together the US and Japan with differentiated technology and decades of manufacturing expertise. Howard Lutnick, US secretary of commerce added President Donald Trump’s historic US, Japan trade deal “is delivering another massive manufacturing investment into America”. The post GlobalFoundries to run Japan, US $20B chip sites appeared first on Mobile World Live .