百科解释
一、CPCI简介 Compact PCI（Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect）简称CPCI，中文又称紧凑型PCI，是国际工业计算机制造者联合会（PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer&＃039;s Group，简称PICMG）于1994提出来的一种总线接口标准。是以PCI电气规范为标准的高性能工业用总线。CPCI的CPU及外设同标准PCI是相同的，并且CPCI系统使用与传统PCI系统相同的芯片、防火墙和相关软件。从根本上说，它们是一致的，因此操作系统、驱动和应用程序都感觉不到两者的区别，将一个标准PCI插卡转化成CPCI插卡几乎不需重新设计，只要物理上重新分配一下即可。为了将PCI SIG的PCI总线规范用在工业控制计算机系统，1995年11月PCI工业计算机制造者联合会（PICMIG）颁布了CPCI规范1.0版，以后相继推出了PCI-PCI Bridge规范、Computer Telephony TDM规范和User-defined I/O pin assignment规范。简言之CPCI总线 = PCI总线的电气规范 + 标准针孔连接器（IEC-1076-4-101） + 欧洲卡规范（IEC297/IEEE 1011.1）。 CPCI的出现不仅让诸如CPU、硬盘等许多原先基于PC的技术和成熟产品能够延续应用，也由于在接口等地方做了重大改进，使得采用CPCI技术的服务器、工控电脑等拥有了高可靠性、高密度的优点。CPCI是基于PCI电气规范开发的高性能工业总线，适用于3U和6U高度的电路插板设计。CPCI电路插板从前方插入机柜，I/O数据的出口可以是前面板上的接口或者机柜的背板。它的出现解决了多年来电信系统工程师与设备制造商面临的棘手问题，比如传统电信设备总线VME(Versa Module Euro card)与工业标准PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)总线不兼容问题。 二、CPCI的特点 CPCI技术是在PCI技术基础之上经过改造而成，具体有三个方面： 一是继续采用PCI局部总线技术； 二是抛弃IPC传统机械结构，改用经过20年实践检验了的高可靠欧洲卡结构，改善了散热条件、提高了抗振动冲击能力、符合电磁兼容性要求； 三是抛弃IPC的金手指式互连方式，改用2mm密度的针孔连接器，具有气密性、防腐性，进一步提高了可靠性，并增加了负载能力。 CPCI所具有可热插拔（Hot Swap）、高开放性、高可靠性、。CPCI技术中最突出、最具吸引力的特点是热插拔（Hot Swap）。简言之，就是在运行系统没有断电的条件下，拔出或插入功能模板，而不破坏系统的正常工作的一种技术。热插拔一直是电信应用的要求，也为每一个工业自动化系统所渴求。它的实现是：在结构上采用三种不同长度的引脚插针，使得模板插入或拔出时，电源和接地、PCI总线信号、热插拔启动信号按序进行；采用总线隔离装置和电源的软启动；在软件上，操作系统要具有即插即用功能。目前CPCI总线热插拔技术正在从基本热切换技术向高可用性方向发展。 CPCI标准具有种种优点。它与传统的桌面PCI系统完全兼容，在64位/66M总线接口下能提供每秒高达512MB的带宽。它支持用在桌面PC和工作站上的完全一样的接口芯片。使用CPCI能利用在桌面工作站上开发的整个应用，无需任何改变就能将其移到目标环境，极大地提高了产品推向市场的时间。利用CPCI技术使得电信设备OEM能利用与桌面应用系统同样的先进技术，同时还具有针对桌面系统设计的大量PCI芯片所带来的规模经济和低成本特性。其产品成本上往往低于同等功能的VME产品，仅略高于通常的工控机IPC（IPC，Industrial Personal Computer）产品。 CPCI规范自制定以来，已历经多个版本。最新的PICMG 3.0所规范的CPCI技术架构在一个更加开放、标准的平台上，有利于各类系统集成商、设备供应商提供更加便捷快速的增值服务，为用户提供更高性价比的产品和解决方案。PICMG 3.0标准是一个全新的技术，与PICMG 2.x完全不同，特别在速度上与PICMG 2.x相比，PICMG 3.0速度每秒可达2Tb。PICMG 3.0主要将应用在高带宽电信传输上，以适应未来电信的发展，PICMG 2.x则仍是目前CPCI的主流，并将在很长时间内主宰CPCI的应用。 三、CPCI的应用 CPCI所具有高开放性、高可靠性、可热插拔（Hot Swap），使该技术除了可以广泛应用在通讯、网络、计算机电话整和（Computer Telephony），也适合实时系统控制（Real Time Machine Control）、产业自动化、实时数据采集（Real-Time Data Acquisition）、军事系统等需要高速运算、智能交通、航空航天、医疗器械、水利等模块化及高可靠度、可长期使用的应用领域。由于CPCI拥有较高的带宽，它也适用于一些高速数据通信的应用，包括服务器、路由器、交换机等。 管脚定义 Pin Name Des cription Z1 GND Ground Z2 GND Ground Z3 GND Ground Z4 GND Ground Z5 GND Ground Z6 GND Ground Z7 GND Ground Z8 GND Ground Z9 GND Ground Z10 GND Ground Z11 GND Ground Z12 KEY Keyed (no pin) Z13 KEY Keyed (no pin) Z14 KEY Keyed (no pin) Z15 GND Ground Z16 GND Ground Z17 GND Ground Z18 GND Ground Z19 GND Ground Z20 GND Ground Z21 GND Ground Z22 GND Ground Z23 GND Ground Z24 GND Ground Z25 GND Ground Z26 GND Ground Z27 GND Ground Z28 GND Ground Z29 GND Ground Z30 GND Ground Z31 GND Ground Z32 GND Ground Z33 GND Ground Z34 GND Ground Z35 GND Ground Z36 GND Ground Z37 GND Ground Z38 GND Ground Z39 GND Ground Z40 GND Ground Z41 GND Ground Z42 GND Ground Z43 GND Ground Z44 GND Ground Z45 GND Ground Z46 GND Ground Z47 GND Ground A1 5V +5 VDC A2 TCK Test Clock A3 INTA# Interrupt A A4 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) A5 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) A6 REQ# Request PCI transfer A7 AD(30) Address/Data 30 A8 AD(26) Address/Data 26 A9 C/BE(3)# Command: Byte Enable A10 AD(21) Address/Data 21 A11 AD(18) Address/Data 18 A12 KEY Keyed (no pin) A13 KEY Keyed (no pin) A14 KEY Keyed (no pin) A15 3.3V +3.3 VDC A16 DEVSEL# Device Select A17 3.3V +3.3 VDC A18 SERR# System Error A19 3.3V +3.3 VDC A20 AD(12) Address/Data 12 A21 3.3V +3.3 VDC A22 AD(7) Address/Data 7) A23 3.3V +3.3 VDC A24 AD(1) Address/Data 1) A25 5V +5 VDC A26 CLK1 Clock ?? MHz A27 CLK2 Clock ?? MHz A28 CLK4 Clock ?? MHz A29 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC A30 C/BE(5)# Command: Byte Enable A31 AD(63) Address/Data 63 A32 AD(59) Address/Data 59 A33 AD(56) Address/Data 56 A34 AD(52) Address/Data 52 A35 AD(49) Address/Data 49 A36 AD(45) Address/Data 45 A37 AD(42) Address/Data 42 A38 AD(38) Address/Data 38 A39 AD(35) Address/Data 35 A40 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) A41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) A42 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) A43 USR User Defined A44 USR User Defined A45 USR User Defined A46 USR User Defined A47 USR User Defined B1 -12V -12 VDC B2 5V +5 VDC B3 INTB# Interrupt B B4 GND Ground B5 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) B6 GND Ground B7 AD(29) Address/Data 29 B8 GND Ground B9 IDSEL Initialization Device Select B10 GND Ground B11 AD(17) Address/Data 17 B12 KEY Keyed (no pin) B13 KEY Keyed (no pin) B14 KEY Keyed (no pin) B15 FRAME# Address or Data phase B16 GND Ground B17 SDONE Snoop Done B18 GND Ground B19 AD(15) Address/Data 15 B20 GND Ground B21 AD(9) Address/Data 9) B22 GND Ground B23 AD(4) Address/Data 4) B24 5V +5 VDC B25 REQ64# B26 GND Ground B27 CLK3 Clock ?? MHz B28 GND Ground B29 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) B30 GND Ground B31 AD(62) Address/Data 62 B32 GND Ground B33 AD(55) Address/Data 55 B34 GND Ground B35 AD(48) Address/Data 48 B36 GND Ground B37 AD(41) Address/Data 41 B38 GND Ground B39 AD(34) Address/Data 34 B40 GND Ground B41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) B42 GND Ground B43 USR User Defined B44 USR User Defined B45 USR User Defined B46 USR User Defined B47 USR User Defined C1 TRST# Test Logic Reset C2 TMS Test Mode Select C3 INTC# Interrupt C C4 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C5 RST Reset C6 3.3V +3.3 VDC C7 AD(28) Address/Data 28 C8 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C9 AD(23) Address/Data 23 C10 3.3V +3.3 VDC C11 AD(16) Address/Data 16 C12 KEY Keyed (no pin) C13 KEY Keyed (no pin) C14 KEY Keyed (no pin) C15 IRDY# Initiator Ready C16 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C17 SBO# Snoop Backoff C18 3.3V +3.3 VDC C19 AD(14) Address/Data 14 C20 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C21 AD(8) Address/Data 8) C22 3.3V +3.3 VDC C23 AD(3) Address/Data 3) C24 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C25 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) C26 REQ1# Request PCI transfer C27 SYSEN# C28 GNT3# Grant C29 C/BE(7) Command: Byte Enable C30 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C31 AD(61) Address/Data 61 C32 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C33 AD(54) Address/Data 54 C34 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C35 AD(47) Address/Data 47 C36 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C37 AD(40) Address/Data 40 C38 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC C39 AD(33) Address/Data 33 C40 FAL# Power Supply Status FAL (CompactPCI specific) C41 DEG# Power Supply Status DEG (CompactPCI specific) C42 PRST# Push Button Reset (CompactPCI specific) C43 USR User Defined C44 USR User Defined C45 USR User Defined C46 USR User Defined C47 USR User Defined D1 +12V +12 VDC D2 TDO Test Data Output D3 5V +5 VDC D4 INTP D5 GND Ground D6 CLK D7 GND Ground D8 AD(25) Address/Data 25 D9 GND Ground D10 AD(20) Address/Data 20 D11 GND Ground D12 KEY Keyed (no pin) D13 KEY Keyed (no pin) D14 KEY Keyed (no pin) D15 GND Ground D16 STOP# Stop transfer cycle D17 GND Ground D18 PAR Parity for AD0-31 & C/BE0-3 D19 GND Ground D20 AD(11) Address/Data 11 D21 M66EN D22 AD(6) Address/Data 6) D23 5V +5 VDC D24 AD(0) Address/Data 0) D25 3.3V +3.3 VDC D26 GNT1# Grant D27 GNT2# Grant D28 REQ4# Request PCI transfer D29 GND Ground D30 C/BE(4)# Command: Byte Enable D31 GND Ground D32 AD(58) Address/Data 58 D33 GND Ground D34 AD(51) Address/Data 51 D35 GND Ground D36 AD(44) Address/Data 44 D37 GND Ground D38 AD(37) Address/Data 37 D39 GND Ground D40 REQ5# Request PCI transfer D41 GND Ground D42 REQ6# Request PCI transfer D43 USR User Defined D44 USR User Defined D45 USR User Defined D46 USR User Defined D47 USR User Defined E1 5V +5 VDC E2 TDI Test Data Input E3 INTD# Interrupt D E4 INTS E5 GNT# Grant E6 AD(31) Address/Data 31 E7 AD(27) Address/Data 27 E8 AD(24) Address/Data 24 E9 AD(22) Address/Data 22 E10 AD(19) Address/Data 19 E11 C/BE(2)# Command: Byte Enable E12 KEY Keyed (no pin) E13 KEY Keyed (no pin) E14 KEY Keyed (no pin) E15 TRDY# Target Ready E16 LOCK# Lock resource E17 PERR# Parity Error E18 C/BE(1)# Command: Byte Enable E19 AD(13) Address/Data 13 E20 AD(10) Address/Data 10 E21 C/BE(0)# Command: Byte Enable E22 AD(5) Address/Data 5) E23 AD(2) Address/Data 2) E24 ACK64# E25 5V +5 VDC E26 REQ2# Request PCI transfer E27 REQ3# Request PCI transfer E28 GNT4# Grant E29 C/BE(6)# Command: Byte Enable E30 PAR64 E31 AD(60) Address/Data 60 E32 AD(57) Address/Data 57 E33 AD(53) Address/Data 53 E34 AD(50) Address/Data 50 E35 AD(46) Address/Data 46 E36 AD(43) Address/Data 43 E37 AD(39) Address/Data 39 E38 AD(36) Address/Data 36 E39 AD(32) Address/Data 32 E40 GNT5# Grant E41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don&＃039;t use) E42 GNT6# Grant E43 USR User Defined E44 USR User Defined E45 USR User Defined E46 USR User Defined E47 USR User Defined F1 GND Ground F2 GND Ground F3 GND Ground F4 GND Ground F5 GND Ground F6 GND Ground F7 GND Ground F8 GND Ground F9 GND Ground F10 GND Ground F11 GND Ground F12 KEY Keyed (no pin) F13 KEY Keyed (no pin) F14 KEY Keyed (no pin) F15 GND Ground F16 GND Ground F17 GND Ground F18 GND Ground F19 GND Ground F20 GND Ground F21 GND Ground F22 GND Ground F23 GND Ground F24 GND Ground F25 GND Ground F26 GND Ground F27 GND Ground F28 GND Ground F29 GND Ground F30 GND Ground F31 GND Ground F32 GND Ground F33 GND Ground F34 GND Ground F35 GND Ground F36 GND Ground F37 GND Ground F38 GND Ground F39 GND Ground F40 GND Ground F41 GND Ground F42 GND Ground F43 GND Ground F44 GND Ground F45 GND Ground F46 GND Ground F47 GND Ground
