Contents
List of Contributors xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
1 Introduction to UMTS Networks 1
Patrick Chan, Andrea Garavaglia and Christophe Chevallier
1.1 UMTS Network Topology 2
1.1.1 GSM Network Architecture 2
1.1.2 UMTS Overlay, Release 99 4
1.1.3 UMTS Network Architecture beyond Release 99 4
1.2 WCDMA Concepts 5
1.2.1 WCDMA Physical Layer Procedures 6
1.2.2 UMTS Signaling Concepts 9
1.2.3 Physical, Logical, and Transport Channels 12
1.3 WCDMA Network Deployment Options 17
1.3.1 1 : 1 Overlay with GSM, Macro Network 17
1.3.2 1 : 1 Overlay with GSM, Macro, Micro, and In-Building 18
1.3.3 WCDMA-Specific Network Plan 18
1.4 The Effects of Vendor Implementation 19
References 20
2 RF Planning and Optimization 21
Christophe Chevallier
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Overview of the Network Deployment Process 21
2.2.1 Network Planning 21
2.2.2 Initial Optimization 23
2.2.3 Continuous Optimization 25
2.3 Link Budgets 25
2.3.1 Uplink Link Budgets 26
2.3.2 Downlink Link Budget for CPICH 36
2.3.3 Downlink Link Budget for Various Services (Connected Mode) 37
2.3.4 Uplink and Downlink and Service Comparison 47
vi Contents
2.4 Network Planning Tools 51
2.4.1 Network Planning Tool Input 51
2.4.2 Coverage Considerations during Network Planning 56
2.5 Interference Considerations during Network Planning 60
2.6 Topology Planning 61
2.7 Parameter Settings and Optimization during Network Planning 62
2.8 RF Optimization 63
2.8.1 Quantitative Optimization 66
2.8.2 Qualitative Optimization 68
2.8.3 Idle Mode Optimization 71
References 72
3 Capacity Planning and Optimization 73
Christophe Chevallier
3.1 Basic UMTS Traffic Engineering 73
3.1.1 Capacity Requirements 75
3.1.2 Uplink Capacity Estimation 78
3.1.3 Estimating Downlink Capacity 83
3.2 Effect of Video-Telephony and PS Data on Traffic Engineering 85
3.2.1 WCDMA Traffic Engineering and Video-Telephony 85
3.2.2 WCDMA Traffic Engineering and PS Data 86
3.3 Multiservice Traffic Engineering 90
3.3.1 Multiservice Capacity 90
3.3.2 Uplink and Downlink Capacity Comparison 95
3.4 Capacity Planning 97
3.4.1 Input for Capacity Planning 97
3.4.2 Capacity Planning for the CS Domain 97
3.4.3 Capacity Planning for the PS Domain 99
3.4.4 Capacity Planning with a Network Planning Tool 102
3.4.5 Microcell Issues 106
3.5 Optimizing for Capacity 108
3.5.1 Coverage and Capacity Trade-offs 109
3.5.2 Capacity Estimation in a Deployed Network 109
3.5.3 Capacity Monitoring for a Deployed Network 111
References 113
4 Initial Parameter Settings 115
Christopher Brunner, Andrea Garavaglia and Christophe Chevallier
4.1 Introduction 115
4.1.1 Broadcast of System Information 115
4.1.2 Translation between Information Element Values and
Engineering Values 118
4.1.3 Over-the-Air Parameter Verification 118
4.2 Physical Layer Parameters 120
4.2.1 Frequency Selection and Management 120
Contents vii
4.2.2 PSC Planning 121
4.2.3 Power Allocation 122
4.3 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Parameters 124
4.3.1 Introduction 124
4.3.2 Overview of the Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Procedure 124
4.3.3 List of Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Parameters 125
4.3.4 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Metrics 126
4.3.5 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Trade-offs in Idle Mode 127
4.3.6 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Parameter Recommendations
for Idle Mode 133
4.3.7 Intra-frequency Cell Reselection in CELL FACH State 133
4.3.8 Inter-frequency Cell Reselection Considerations 134
4.4 Access Parameter Recommendations 136
4.5 Intra-frequency Handover Parameters 137
4.5.1 Introduction 137
4.5.2 Intra-frequency Handover Procedure 138
4.5.3 Intra-frequency Handover Parameters 140
4.5.4 Intra-frequency Handover Metrics 141
4.5.5 Intra-frequency Handover Trade-offs 144
4.5.6 Intra-frequency Handover Parameter Recommendations 146
4.5.7 Inter-frequency Handover Considerations 146
References 151
5 Service Optimization 153
Andrea Forte, Patrick Chan and Christophe Chevallier
5.1 KPI and Layered Optimization Approach 153
5.1.1 Main KPI Definitions 153
5.2 Voice Service Optimization 156
5.2.1 Adaptive Multirate Codec 156
5.2.2 AMR Service 157
5.2.3 Call Setup, Events, and Signaling 158
5.2.4 Call Retention Event and Signaling 164
5.2.5 Connection Supervision and Link Quality Indicators 167
5.2.6 Troubleshooting AMR Failures 171
5.2.7 Parameter Optimization 182
5.2.8 Call Quality Metrics and Test Process 183
5.3 Video-Telephony Service Optimization 185
5.3.1 Video-Telephony and Voice Comparison 187
5.3.2 Video-Telephony: Test Process and Metrics 189
5.3.3 VT versus AMR Optimization 195
5.4 PS Data Service Optimization 196
5.4.1 PS Data versus AMR Optimization 196
5.4.2 Typical PS Data Applications and QoS Profiles 197
5.4.3 Channel Reconfiguration and Resource Planning 199
5.4.4 Quality Metrics and Test Process 204
viii Contents
5.4.5 PS Data Parameters 206
References 210
6 Inter-System Planning and Optimization 211
Andrea Garavaglia, Christopher Brunner and Christophe Chevallier
6.1 Introduction 211
6.2 Inter-System Boundary Planning 212
6.2.1 Inter-System Borders 212
6.2.2 Typical Inter-System Scenarios 215
6.2.3 Boundary Determination 215
6.3 Inter-System Transitions in Connected Mode 216
6.3.1 Inter-System Change Procedures 217
6.3.2 Message Flows and Delays 220
6.3.3 Compressed Mode Issues 225
6.3.4 Compressed Mode Performance Metrics 229
6.3.5 Compressed Mode Triggering and Inter-System Handover
Parameters 231
6.4 Inter-System Transitions in Idle Mode 235
6.4.1 Overview of the Inter-System Cell Reselection Procedure 236
6.4.2 Message Flow and Delays 238
6.4.3 Idle Mode Performance Metrics 240
6.4.4 Inter-System Cell Reselection Parameters 241
6.5 Test Setup for Inter-System Handover and Cell Reselection
Performance Assessment 242
6.6 Optimizing Inter-System Parameters 243
6.6.1 Interplay between Inter-System Handover and Cell Reselection
Parameters 243
6.6.2 Optimizing Inter-System Handover Parameters 244
6.6.3 Optimizing Inter-System Cell Reselection Parameters 245
6.7 Additional Inter-System Planning and Optimization Issues 254
6.7.1 Inter-System Handover when more WCDMA Carriers are Present 254
6.7.2 Inter-System Triggered for Capacity Reasons 255
References 256
7 HSDPA 257
Kevin P. Murray and Sunil Patil
7.1 Motivations for High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 257
7.2 HSDPA Concepts 260
7.2.1 Common Channel with Multicode Operation 261
7.2.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 262
7.2.3 Fast Scheduling and Retransmissions 264
7.3 HSDPA Planning 268
7.3.1 HSDPA Deployment Scenarios 268
7.3.2 HSDPA Link Budget 272
7.3.3 HSDPA Capacity and Performance 281
Contents ix
7.4 HSDPA Operation and Optimization 291
7.4.1 HSDPA Configuration 291
7.4.2 HSDPA Serving Cell Change 295
7.4.3 HSDPA Parameter Tuning 299
7.4.4 RLC Parameters and HSDPA 308
7.5 HSDPA Key Performance Indicators (KPI) 309
7.5.1 Physical Layer Metrics 309
7.5.2 MAC Layer Metrics 309
7.5.3 Serving Cell Change Metrics 310
7.6 Test Setup 311
References 312
8 Indoor Coverage 315
Patrick Chan, Kenneth R. Baker and Christophe Chevallier
8.1 Introduction 315
8.2 Design Approach and Economic Considerations 315
8.2.1 Indoor Coverage: The Traditional Approach 315
8.2.2 Indoor Coverage: A Hypothetical Approach 321
8.2.3 Indoor Coverage: The Hybrid Approach 322
8.3 Coverage Planning and Impact on Capacity 323
8.3.1 Indoor Coverage Systems 324
8.3.2 Service Indoors from the Outdoors 334
8.3.3 Service Indoors from the Indoors 339
8.3.4 Indoor RF Models 344
8.3.5 Capacity Dimensioning 349
8.3.6 Achieving Higher Throughput Indoors 350
8.4 Optimizing Indoor Systems 352
8.4.1 Practical Considerations for Indoor Deployments 352
8.4.2 Indoor System Deployment and Postdeployment Optimization 363
8.4.3 How Indoor Parameter Settings Differ from Outdoor Systems 364
References 366
Index 369