【资料名称】：Wiley(2011) Digital Video Distribution in Broadband, Televis

【资料作者】：Sanjoy Paul

【资料日期】：December 28, 2010

【资料语言】：英文

【资料格式】：PDF

【页数】： 386

【资料原名】：Digital Video Distribution in Broadband, Television, Mobile and Converged Networks: Trends, Challenges and Solutions

亚马逊链接：http://www.amazon.com/Distribution-Broadband-Television-Converged-Networks/dp/0470746289/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1320408192&sr=1-1

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Contents
About the Author xiii
Preface xv
PART ONE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 1
1 Convergence 3
1.1 Industry Convergence 3
1.2 Device Convergence 4
1.3 Network Convergence 5
1.4 Service Convergence 5
1.5 Summary 9
References 9
2 Video Compression, Encoding and Transport 11
2.1 Still Image Compression 11
2.1.1 Block Transform 11
2.1.2 Quantization 12
2.1.3 Encoding 12
2.1.4 Compressing Even Further 12
2.1.5 Adding Color to an Image 13
2.2 Video Compression 13
2.2.1 Motion Estimation and Compensation 13
2.2.2 Group of Pictures (GOP) 14
2.3 Video Transport 15
2.4 Summary 15
References 15
3 Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) versus Internet Television 17
3.1 Internet Television and Video over IP 17
3.1.1 Content 18
3.1.2 Distribution 18
3.1.3 Search 19
3.2 Summary 19
References 19
vi Contents
4 Multicast 21
4.1 Multicast in IPTV Networks 21
4.2 Multicast in Mobile Networks 22
4.3 Summary 24
References 25
5 Technology Trend and its Impact on Video on Demand
Service over Internet 27
5.1 Open versus Closed Networks 28
5.2 Open Networks 30
5.3 Closed Networks 31
5.4 Summary 33
References 34
6 Summary of Part One 35
PART TWO CHALLENGES OF DISTRIBUTING VIDEO IN
OPEN NETWORKS 39
7 Movie-on-Demand over the Internet 41
7.1 Resource Estimation 41
7.1.1 Storage 41
7.1.2 Bandwidth 41
7.1.3 Download 42
7.2 Alternative Distribution Models 42
7.2.1 Content Distribution Network (CDN) 42
7.2.2 Hosting 44
7.2.3 Hosting versus CDN 45
7.2.4 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks 47
7.2.5 P2P Networks for Content Download 48
7.2.6 CDN vs. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks 50
7.2.7 CDN versus Caching 50
7.2.8 Hybrid Networks 52
7.2.9 Combining Caching and P2P 53
7.3 Summary 56
References 57
8 Internet Television 61
8.1 Resource Estimation 61
8.1.1 Bandwidth 62
8.1.2 Storage 62
8.2 P2P Networks for Streaming 62
8.2.1 Adaptive P2P Streaming 64
8.2.2 Tree-Based P2P Streaming 64
8.2.3 Mesh-Based P2P Streaming 67
Contents vii
8.2.4 Scalability of P2P Networks 71
8.2.5 Comparison of Tree-Based and Mesh-Based P2P Streaming 73
8.3 Provider Portal for P2P (P4P) 74
8.3.1 Some Statistics of P2P Traffi 74
8.3.2 Alternative Techniques to Deal with P2P Traffi in ISPs Network 75
8.3.3 Adverse Interaction between ISP Traffi Engineering and
P2P Optimization 76
8.3.4 P4P Framework 76
8.4 Summary 77
References 78
9 Broadcast Television over the Internet 81
9.1 Resource Estimation 82
9.1.1 Bandwidth 82
9.1.2 Storage 82
9.2 Technology 83
9.2.1 CoolStreaming 83
9.2.2 Design of DONet 83
9.2.3 Evaluation of DONet 87
9.2.4 GridMedia 92
9.3 Products 102
9.3.1 Satellite Direct 102
9.3.2 Download Dish TV for PC Internet Streaming 102
9.3.3 PPMate Streaming TV 103
9.3.4 SopCast TV Streaming 103
9.3.5 3webTotal Tv and Radio Tuner 103
9.3.6 Free Internet TV Streams 103
9.3.7 Online TV Live 103
9.3.8 CoolStreaming 104
9.3.9 PPLive 104
9.4 Summary 104
References 105
10 Digital Rights Management (DRM) 107
10.1 DRM Functional Architecture 107
10.1.1 Intellectual Property Asset Creation and Capture 107
10.1.2 Intellectual Property Asset Management 108
10.1.3 Intellectual Property Asset Usage 109
10.2 Modeling Content in DRM Functional Architecture 109
10.3 Modeling Rights Expression in DRM Functional Architecture 110
10.4 How DRM works 111
10.4.1 Content Packaging 111
10.4.2 Content Distribution 111
10.4.3 License Distribution 111
10.4.4 License Creation and Assignment 112
viii Contents
10.4.5 License Acquisition 113
10.4.6 Playing the Media File 113
10.5 Summary 113
References 114
11 Quality of Experience (QoE) 115
11.1 QoE Cache: Designing a QoE-Aware Edge Caching System 115
11.1.1 TCP Optimizer 116
11.1.2 Streaming Optimizer 116
11.1.3 Web Proxy/Cache 117
11.1.4 Streaming Proxy/Cache 117
11.1.5 DNS Optimizer 117
11.1.6 TCP Optimizer (Details) 118
11.1.7 Streaming Optimizer (Details) 120
11.1.8 Web Proxy/Cache (Details) 122
11.1.9 Streaming Proxy/Cache (Details) 123
11.1.10 DNS Optimizer (Details) 124
11.2 Further Insights and Optimizations for Video Streaming over Wireless 125
11.2.1 QoE Cache Enhancement Insights 126
11.2.2 Functional Enhancements to the Basic QoE-Cache 126
11.2.3 Benefit Due to Basic QoE Cache 127
11.2.4 Functional Enhancement to Generic QoE Cache 128
11.3 Performance of the QoE Cache 130
11.3.1 Web Browsing 131
11.3.2 Streaming 131
11.3.3 Performance on a Typical Day 133
11.4 Additional Features and Optimizations Possible for QoE-Cache 135
11.4.1 Capability of handling Live Streams in addition to Video-on-Demand 135
11.4.2 Hardware-Based Transcoding 136
11.4.3 Video Bit Rate Adaptation with RTP over TCP Streaming 136
11.4.4 Video Bit Rate Adaptation for HTTP-Based Progressive Download 136
11.4.5 Adaptation of Video Based on Client Device Capabilities 137
11.5 Summary 137
References 138
12 Opportunistic Video Delivery Services in Delay Tolerant Networks 141
12.1 Introduction 141
12.2 Design Principles 142
12.3 Alternative Architectures 144
12.3.1 Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (RFC 4838) 144
12.3.2 BBN’s SPINDLE 147
12.3.3 KioskNet 150
12.4 Converged Architecture 154
12.4.1 Cache and Forward Network Design Goals 155
12.4.2 Architecture 156
Contents ix
12.4.3 Protocols 158
12.4.4 Performance of Protocols in CNF Architecture 161
12.5 Summary 166
References 167
13 Summary of Part Two 169
PART THREE CHALLENGES FOR DISTRIBUTING
VIDEO IN CLOSED NETWORKS 173
14 Network Architecture Evolution 175
15 IP Television (IPTV) 177
15.1 IPTV Service Classification 177
15.2 Requirements for Providing IPTV Services 177
15.3 Displayed Quality Requirements 178
15.3.1 Bandwidth 178
15.3.2 Audio/Video Compression Formats 179
15.3.3 Resolution 179
15.4 Transport Requirements 180
15.4.1 Data Encapsulation 180
15.4.2 Transmission Protocols 181
15.5 Modes of Transport 192
15.5.1 Unicast Transport for Video-on-Demand (VoD) 192
15.5.2 Multicast Transport for Live TV 193
15.6 Summary 208
References 209
16 Video Distribution in Converged Networks 211
16.1 Impact of Treating Each Network as an Independent Entity 211
16.2 Challenges in Synergizing the Networks and Avoiding Duplication 211
16.3 Potential Approach to Address Multi-Channel Heterogeneity 214
16.3.1 Rule-Based Transformation of Media 214
16.3.2 Static versus Dynamic Transformation 214
16.3.3 Dynamic Selection of Top 20% Videos and Top 20% Formats 214
16.3.4 Template for Applications 214
16.4 Commercial Transcoders 215
16.4.1 Rhozet Carbon Coder – Usage Mechanism 216
16.4.2 Important Features 216
16.4.3 Rhozet in a Representative Solution 220
16.4.4 Rhozet in Personal Multimedia Content Distribution Solution 220
16.4.5 Rhozet: Summary 220
16.5 Architecture of a System that Embodies the Above Concepts 222
16.5.1 Solution Architecture Diagram 222
16.6 Benefit of the Proposed Architecture 224
x Contents
16.7 Case Study: Virtual Personal Multimedia Library 224
16.8 Summary 225
References 227
17 Quality of Service (QoS) in IPTV 229
17.1 QoS Requirements: Application Layer 229
17.1.1 Standard-Definitio TV (SDTV): Minimum Objectives 229
17.1.2 High-Definitio TV (HDTV): Minimum Objectives 231
17.2 QoS Requirements: Transport Layer 232
17.2.1 Standard-Definitio Video: Minimum Objectives 235
17.2.2 High-Definitio Video: Minimum Objectives 236
17.3 QoS Requirements: Network Layer 237
17.4 QoE Requirements: Control Functions 238
17.4.1 QoE Requirements for Channel Zapping Time 238
17.5 QoE Requirements: VoD Trick Mode 240
17.5.1 Trick Latency 240
17.5.2 Requirements for VoD Trick Features 241
17.6 IPTV QoS Requirements at a Glance 241
17.7 Summary 242
References 242
18 Quality of Service (QoS) Monitoring and Assurance 245
18.1 A Representative Architecture for End-to-End QoE Assurance 246
18.2 IPTV QoE Monitoring 248
18.2.1 Monitoring Points 248
18.2.2 Monitoring Point Definition 248
18.2.3 Monitoring Parameters 249
18.2.4 Monitoring Methods 256
18.2.5 Multi-Layer Monitoring 256
18.2.6 Video Quality Monitoring 258
18.2.7 Audio Quality Monitoring 261
18.3 Internet Protocol TV QoE Monitoring Tools 262
18.3.1 IQ Pinpoint – Multidimensional Video Quality Management 262
18.3.2 Headend Confidenc Monitoring 265
18.3.3 Field Analysis and Troubleshooting 266
18.3.4 Product Lifecycle Test and Measurement 266
18.4 Summary 266
References 267
19 Security of Video in Converged Networks 269
19.1 Threats to Digital Video Content 270
19.2 Existing Video Content Protection Technologies 271
19.2.1 DRM Systems 271
19.2.2 Content Scrambling System (CSS) 273
19.2.3 Content Protection for Recordable Media and
Pre-Recorded Media (CPRM/CPPM) 273
Contents xi
19.2.4 Conditional Access System (CAS) 274
19.2.5 Advanced Access Content System 274
19.2.6 Content Protection System Architecture 274
19.2.7 Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP) 274
19.2.8 High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) 274
19.3 Comparison of Content Protection Technologies 275
19.4 Threats in Traditional and Converged Networks 275
19.4.1 Content in Converged Networks 275
19.4.2 Threats in Traditional Networks 277
19.4.3 Threats in Converged Networks 277
19.5 Requirements of a Comprehensive Content Protection System 278
19.6 Unifie Content Management and Protection (UCOMAP) Framework 279
19.6.1 Technical Assumptions 279
19.6.2 Major Components of UCOMAP 280
19.6.3 Other Advantages of UCOMAP Framework 282
19.7 Case Study: Secure Video Store 282
19.8 Summary 284
References 285
20 Challenges for Providing Scalable Video-on-Demand (VoD) Service 287
20.1 Closed-Loop Schemes 288
20.1.1 Batching 289
20.1.2 Patching 290
20.1.3 Batched Patching 291
20.1.4 Controlled (Threshold-Based) Multicast 292
20.1.5 Batched Patching with Prefi Caching 293
20.1.6 Segmented Multicast with Cache (SMcache) 296
20.2 Open-Loop Schemes 296
20.2.1 Equally Spaced Interval Broadcasting 297
20.2.2 Staggered Broadcasting 297
20.2.3 Harmonic Broadcasting 297
20.2.4 Pyramid Broadcasting 298
20.2.5 Skyscraper Broadcasting 299
20.2.6 Comparison of PB, PPB and SB 300
20.2.7 Greedy Disk-Conserving Broadcast (GDB) 301
20.3 Hybrid Scheme 302
20.4 Summary 303
References 304
21 Challenges of Distributing Video in Mobile Wireless Networks 307
21.1 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) 308
21.1.1 MBMS User Services 310
21.1.2 MBMS Architecture 312
21.1.3 MBMS Attributes and Parameters 316
21.1.4 Multicast Tree in Cellular Network 317
21.1.5 MBMS Procedures 318
xii Contents
21.1.6 MBMS Channel Structure 319
21.1.7 Usage of MBMS Channel Structure 319
21.1.8 MBMS Security 322
21.2 Digital Video Broadcast – Handhelds (DVB-H) 326
21.3 Forward Link Only (FLO) 327
21.4 Digital Rights Management (DRM) for Mobile Video Content 330
21.5 Summary 331
References 332
22 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and IPTV 335
22.1 IMS Architecture 336
22.1.1 Layering on IMS Architecture 336
22.1.2 Overview of Components in IMS Architecture 337
22.1.3 Some Important Components in IMS Architecture 341
22.2 IMS Service Model 344
22.3 IMS Signaling 345
22.3.1 SIP Registration/Deregistration 345
22.3.2 IMS Subscriber to IMS Subscriber 346
22.4 Integration of IPTV in IMS Architecture 347
22.4.1 Functional Architecture and Interfaces 347
22.4.2 Integrated IMS-IPTV Architecture 348
22.4.3 Discovery and Selection of IPTV Service and Establishment
of an IPTV Session 348
22.5 Summary 350
References 350
23 Summary of Part Three 353
Index 359

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