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LA/RA Update Procedure
想问下LA/RA Update Procedure完成什么作用，此时PDP激活是一直保存着吗，其后就可以进行数据业务是吧
提问者:
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• Tracking area upDATe reject--TAU更新失败， 对应原因是：UE ident 2017-07-27
• 180振铃之后被叫发送486信息意思是被叫主动挂机了吗？看信令上主叫在振铃之有发生了一次UPDATE是什么意思啊求指导。途中画圈的信令。 2017-06-22
• VOLTE通话，什么情况下回发生IMS_SIP_UPDATE 2016-09-02
• RRC_ConnEstabFail_RepeATEDATtemptRACH 2016-06-16
• RRC失败原因为RRC_ConnEstabFail_RepeATEDATtemptRACH 2016-06-07
• imssipupDATe200啥意思是错误信令么 2016-04-26
问题答案
( 3 )
根据3GPP 24008The location updating procedure is a general procedure which is used for the following purposes:
- normal location updating (described in this subclause);
- periodic updating (see subclause 4.4.2);
- IMSI attach (see subclause 4.4.3).
- normal location updating (described in this subclause);
- periodic updating (see subclause 4.4.2);
- IMSI attach (see subclause 4.4.3).
回答者：
wwwmscbsccom
回答时间：2013-05-15 13:53
34
33
一个系统间改变是在以下场景中产生，MS发生了Iu模式到A/Gb模式操作的改变，并且是由一个RAU流程或PS handover流程所触发的。一个系统间改变的前提条件是MS已经GPRS附着了。移动性管理的状态转变由相应的移动性管理流程来指明。
在系统间改变的流程中，不会发生会话管理状态的转变。
6.13.1 Intra SGSN Intersystem Change
An SGSN that supports both the Gb and Iu PS interfaces may support an intra-SGSN intersystem change if the radio access technology nodes serving the MS before and after the intersystem change are both served by this SGSN.
一个同时支持Gb和Iu PS接口的SGSN可以支持一个intra-SGSN的系统间改变---当之前和之后为MS提供服务的无线接入技术节点由同一个SGSN服务的时候。
6.13.1.1 Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change
6.13.1.1.1 Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change using Gn/Gp
The intersystem change from Iu mode to A/Gb mode takes place when an MS changes from UTRAN or GERAN Iu mode to A/Gb mode. Depending on the PMM state before the intersystem change and whether the RA is changed or not, one of the following procedures is initiated by the MS:
- When an MS in PMM IDLE state changes to the A/Gb mode without changing the RA, the MS shall follow the selective RA update procedures, see clause "Selective RA Update".
- When an MS in PMM IDLE state changes to the A/Gb mode and the RA changes, the MS shall initiate the GPRS RA update procedure, see clause "Intra SGSN Routeing Area Update".
- When an MS in PMM CONNECTED state changes to the A/Gb mode, the MS shall initiate the GPRS RA update procedure independent of whether the RA has changed or not. The RA update procedure is either combined RA / LA update or only RA update.
从Iu模式到A/Gb模式的系统间改变，是在MS发生了从UTRAN或GERAN Iu模式到A/Gb模式的改变时产生的。根据在系统间改变发生之前的PMM状态以及RA是否改变，以下流程之一将由MS发起：
- 当MS在PMM-IDLE状态变更到A/Gb模式并且没改变RA,MS应执行选择性的RAU流程，参考章节“选择性RA更新”。
- 当MS在PMM-IDLE状态变更到A/Gb模式并且RA改变了，MS应发起GPRS RAU流程，参考章节“Intra SGSN RAU".
- 当MS在PMM-CONNECTED状态变更到A/Gb模式,不管有没有发生RA变化,MS都应发起一个GPRS RAU流程.这个RAU流程或者是一个联合的RA/LAU,或者只是一个RAU.
A combined RA / LA update takes place in network operation mode I when the MS enters a new RA or when a GPRS-attached MS performs IMSI attach. The MS sends a Routeing Area Update Request message indicating that an LA update may also need to be performed, in which case the SGSN forwards the LA update to the VLR. This concerns only idle mode (see TS 23.122 [7b]), as no combined RA / LA updates are performed during a CS connection. In the context of this specification, the terms RNS or RNC refer also to a GERAN BSS or BSC (respectively) when serving an MS in Iu mode.
一 个联合的RA/LAU发生在网络操作模式I---并且当MS进入了一个新的RA或当一个GPRS附着的MS执行了IMSI附着.MS发送RAU Request消息指示这是一个LAU可能也需要执行,SGSN转发LAU给VLR.这仅和idle模式有关(参考TS23.122),因为在一个CS连 接期间没有联合的RA/LAU被执行.本规范中上下文的描述中,RNS或RNC的术语也可以相应参考GERAN BSS或BSC---当为一个Iu模式的MS服务时.
Figure 52: Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change
NOTE: All steps in figure 52 are common for architecture variants using Gn/Gp based interaction with a GGSN and using S4 based interactions with an S GW and P GW. For S4 based interaction with an S GW and P GW, procedure step (A) is defined in clause 6.13.1.1.2.
注释：在图例52中的所有步骤对于使用Gn/Gp接口和GGSN交互，还是使用S4接口和SGW/PGW交互的架构的都是公共的。基于S4接口和SGW/PGW的交互的步骤A，参考章节6.13.1.1.2。
1) The MS or RAN decides to perform an intersystem change which makes the MS switch to a new cell where A/Gb mode has to be used, and stops transmission to the network.
2) The MS sends a Routeing Area Update Request (old RAI, old P TMSI Signature, Update Type, Voice domain preference and UE's usage setting) message to the 2G+3G SGSN. Update Type shall indicate RA update or combined RA / LA-update or, if the MS wants to perform an IMSI attach, combined RA / LA update with IMSI attached requested. The BSS shall add the Cell Global Identity including the RAC and LAC of the cell where the message was received before passing the message to the 2G+3G SGSN. The UE sets the voice domain preference and UE's usage setting according to its configuration, as described in clause 5.3.15.
If there is an ongoing emergency bearer service and a Routing Area Update Request is received the Routing Area Update shall be rejected with a cause code indicating that access to GERAN is not allowed.
1）MS或RAN决定执行一个系统间改变，使得MS能切换到一个新的A/Gb模式下的小区，并且停止传递数据到网络。
2）MS 发送RAU请求（old RAI、old P-TMSI签名、更新类型、语音域优先级和UE的使用设置）消息给2G+3G SGSN。更新类型应指明这个一个RAU或是一个联合的RA/LAY或者，如果MS想执行一个IMSI的附着、带有IMSI附着请求的联合的RA /LAU。BSS应加入CGI（小区全球标识）并包括小区的RAC和LAC到这个接收的消息中，然后再传递给2G+3G SGSN。UE根据它自己的配置，按照章节5.3.15的描述，来设置语音域优先级和它的使用设置。
3) If the MS is PMM CONNECTED state, the 2G+3G SGSN sends an SRNS Context Request (IMSI) message to the SRNS.
4) Upon reception of the SRNS Context Request message, the SRNS starts buffering and stops sending downlink PDUs to the MS. The SRNS responds with an SRNS Context Response (GTP SNDs, GTP SNUs, PDCP-SNDs, PDCP SNUs) message. The GTP sequence numbers are included for each PDP context indicating the next in-sequence downlink GTP-PDU to be sent to the MS and the next in-sequence GTP PDU to be tunnelled to the GGSN. For each active PDP context, which uses lossless PDCP, the SRNS also includes the uplink PDCP sequence number (PDCP SNU) and the downlink PDCP sequence number (PDCP-SND). PDCP SNU is the PDCP sequence number for the next expected in-sequence uplink packet to be received from the MS. PDCP-SND is the PDCP sequence number for the first downlink packet for which successful transmission has not been confirmed. The 2G+3G SGSN shall strip off the eight most significant bits of the passed PDCP sequence numbers, thus converting them to SNDCP N PDU numbers of the respective 2G GPRS PDP contexts.
3）如果MS是在PMM-CONNECTED状态，2G+3G SGSN发送SRNS Context Request(IMSI)消息给SRNS。
4) 一旦接收到SRNS Context Request消息,SRNS开始缓存并且停止发送下行PDU给MS。SRNS响应一个SRNS Context Response(GTP SNDs、GTP SNUs、PDCP-SNDs、PDCP SNUs）消息。每个PDP上下文都包含了GTP序列号来指示序列中将要发送给MS的下一个下行GTP-PDU，以及序列中下一个将要发送给GGSN被封 装进隧道的GTP PDU。对每一个active的PDP上下文，如使用了无损PDCP，SRNS也应包含上行的PDCP序列号(PDCP SNU即Sequence Number Uplink)以及下行PDCP序列号(PDCP-SND即Sequence Number Downlink)。PDCP SNU是一个PDCP序列号，表示的是下一个期望的从MS接收的有序的上行数据报文。PDCP-SND是一个PDCP序列号，表示的是第一个成功传递但还 没有被确认的下行数据包。2G+3G SGSN应提取已经传递的PDCP序列号的八位最高有效位，将之转换为在2G GPRS PDP上下文中相应的SNDCP N PDU的值。
5) Security functions may be executed.
5）安全功能可以被执行。
6) If the MS is PMM CONNECTED, the 2G+3G SGSN sends an SRNS Data Forward Command (RAB ID, Transport Layer Address, Iu Transport Association) message to the SRNS. This informs the SRNS that the 2G+3G SGSN is ready to receive data packets. Upon reception of SRNS Data Forward Command message from the 2G+3G SGSN the SRNS shall start the data-forwarding timer.
6a)If Direct Tunnel was established in Iu mode the SGSN sends Update PDP Context Request to the GGSN(s) concerned to establish the GTP tunnel between SGSN and GGSN. The GGSN(s) update the address for User Plane and downlink TEID for data and return an Update PDP Context Response. Otherwise, if there were changes of for example the RAT type that e.g. can be used for charging, the SGSN sends Update PDP Context Request (SGSN Address and TEID, QoS Negotiated, RAT type) message to the GGSN.
6)如果MS是PMM-CONNECTED状 态，2G+3G SGSN发送SRNS Data Forward Command(RAB ID,传输层地址、Iu传输关联）消息给SRNS。这将通知SRNS，2G+3G SGSN已经准备好接收数据报文。一旦从2G+3G SGSN接收到这个消息，SRNS应开始启动数据转发计时器。
6a） 如果在Iu模式建立了直接隧道，SGSN发送Update PDP Context Request给关联的GGSN，来建立在SGSN和GGSN之间的GTP隧道。GGSN更新用户面地址和下行数据的TEID并返回Update PDP Context Response消息。除此以外，如果有别的变化，如RAT类型的变化需要用于计费目的，SGSN发送Update PDP Context Request(SGSN地址和TEID、协商的QOS、RAT类型）消息给GGSN。
7) For each RAB indicated by the SRNS Data Forward Command the SRNS starts duplicating and tunnelling the buffered GTP-PDUs back to the 2G+3G SGSN. For each radio bearer which uses lossless PDCP the GTP-PDUs related to transmitted but not yet acknowledged PDCP PDUs are duplicated and tunnelled back to the 2G+3G SGSN together with their related downlink PDCP sequence numbers. The 2G+3G SGSN converts the PDCP sequence numbers to SNDCP sequence number (by stripping off the eight most significant bits of the PDCP sequence numbers).
7） 由SRNS Data Forward Command指明的每一个RAB，SRNS开始将缓存的GTP-PDU复制并且封入隧道发给2G+3G SGSN。对使用了无损PDCP压缩的每一个无线承载，相关的已经传输但还没有得到确认的GTP-PDU，PDCP PDU将被复制并且和他们相关联的PDCP序列号一起通过隧道回传给2G+3G SGSN。2G+3G SGSN将把PDCP序列号转换为SNDCP序列号(通过去除PDCP序列号的最高8位）。
8) The 2G+3G SGSN sends an Iu Release Command message to the SRNS. When the RNC data-forwarding timer has expired, the SRNS responds with an Iu Release Complete message.
8）2G+3G SGSN发送Iu Release Command消息给SRNS。当RNC转发数据计时器超时，SRNS响应一个Iu Release Complete消息。
9) If the association has to be established i.e. if Update Type indicates combined RA / LA update with IMSI attach requested, or if the LA changed with the routeing area update, then the 2G+3G SGSN sends a Location Update Request (new LAI, IMSI, SGSN Number, Location Update Type) to the VLR. Location Update Type shall indicate IMSI attach if Update Type in step 1 indicated combined RA / LA update with IMSI attach requested. Otherwise, Location Update Type shall indicate normal location update. When the SGSN does not provide functionality for the Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes, the VLR number is derived from the RAI. When the SGSN provides functionality for Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes, the SGSN uses the RAI and a hash value from the IMSI to determine the VLR number. The VLR creates or updates the association with the 2G+3G SGSN by storing the SGSN Number.
9）如果关联需要建立，也就是更新类型指示 了带有IMSI附着的联合的RA/LAU请求，或在RAU时发生了LA的变化，那么2G+3G SGSN发送Location Update Request(新LAI、IMSI、SGSN编号、Location Update Type)给VLR。Location Update Type应指示为IMSI附着---如果在步骤1的更新类型指示的是带有IMSI附着请求的联合RA/LAU。除此以外，Location Update Type应指示为一个正常的Location Update。当SGSN不为多个CN节点提供到RAN节点的域内连接功能的话，VLR编号将从RAI获取。当SGSN提供这个功能时，SGSN使用 RAI以及从IMSI得到的一个哈希函数来决定VLR编号。VLR通过存储SGSN编号来创建或更新与2G+3G SGSN的关联。
10) If the subscriber data in the VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR, the new VLR informs the HLR. The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR:
a) The new VLR sends an Update Location (new VLR) to the HLR.
b) The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending Cancel Location (IMSI) to the old VLR.
c) The old VLR acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI).
d) The HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, subscriber data) to the new VLR.
e) The new VLR acknowledges with Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI).
f) The HLR responds with Update Location Ack (IMSI) to the new VLR.
10)如果VLR上的签约数据标记为未得到HLR的确认，则new VLR要通知HLR。HLR取消在old VLR上的数据并在new VLR插入新的用户签约数据：
a）new VLR发送update location(new VLR)给HLR。
b) HLR发送cancel location(IMSI)消息给old VLR来取消其上的数据。
c）old VLR发送cancel location ack（IMSI)进行确认。
d）HLR发送插入签约用户数据(IMSI,签约数据）给new VLR。
e）new VLR发送insert subscriber data ack(IMSI)进行确认。
f）HLR发送update location ack（IMSI）给new VLR进行响应。
11) The new VLR allocates a new VLR TMSI and responds with Location Update Accept (VLR TMSI) to the 2G+3G SGSN. VLR TMSI is optional if the VLR has not changed.
12) The 2G+3G SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA. If due to roaming restrictions or access restrictions the MS is not allowed to be attached in the RA, or if subscription checking fails, the 2G+3G SGSN rejects the routeing area update with an appropriate cause. If all checks are successful, the 2G+3G SGSN updates MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A new P TMSI may be allocated. A logical link is established between the new 2G+3G SGSN and the MS. 2G+3G-SGSN initiates the establishment procedure. A Routeing Area Update Accept (P TMSI, P TMSI Signature, Receive N PDU Number (= converted PDCP SNU), IMS voice over PS Session Supported Indication) message is returned to the MS. Receive N PDU Number contains the acknowledgements for each NSAPI which used lossless PDCP before the start of the update procedure, thereby confirming all mobile-originated N PDUs successfully transferred before the start of the update procedure. If Receive N PDU Number confirms the reception of N PDUs, these N PDUs shall be discarded by the MS. The IMS voice over PS Session Supported Indication is set as described in clause 5.3.8.
11）new VLR分配一个新的VLR TMSI并且响应location update accept(VLR TMSI)给2G+3G SGSN。VLR TMSI是可选的，如果VLR没有发生变化的话。
12）2G+3G SGSN验证在新RA中MS的存在性。如果因为漫游限制或接入限制，MS不允许附着到RA，或者如果签约检查失败，则2G+3G SGSN拒绝RAU并给出原因值。如果所有检查都成功，2G+3G SGSN更新MS的MM和PDP上下文。一个新的P-TMSI将被分配。一条逻辑链路将在new 2G+3G SGSN和MS之间建立。2G+3G SGSN发起建立流程。一个RAU accept(P-TMSI、P-TMSI签名、Receive N-PDU Number（=转换的PDCP SNU)，IMS voice over PS会话指示指示）消息将返回给MS。Receive N-PDU Number包含了在更新流程开始之前，使用了无损PDCP的对每个NSAPI的确认，因此确认了在开始更新流程之前所有MS发起的成功传递的N- PDU。如果Receive N-PDU Number确认了对N-PDU的接收，那些N-PDU应被MS丢弃。IMS voice over PS会话指示指示根据5.3.8章节描述设置。
13) The MS acknowledges the new P TMSI by returning a Routeing Area Update Complete (Receive N PDU Number) message to the SGSN. Receive N PDU Number (= converted PDCP SND) contains the acknowledgements for each NSAPI which used lossless PDCP before the start of the update procedure, thereby confirming all mobile-terminated N PDUs successfully transferred before the start of the update procedure. If Receive N PDU Number confirms the reception of N PDUs, these N PDUs shall be discarded by the 2G+3G-SGSN.The MS deducts Receive N PDU Number from PDCP SND by stripping off the eight most significant bits. PDCP SND is the PDCP sequence number for the next expected in-sequence downlink packet to be received in the MS per radio bearer, which used lossless PDCP. The new 2G-SGSN negotiates with the MS for each NSAPI the use of acknowledged or unacknowledged SNDCP regardless whether the SRNS used lossless PDCP or not.
14) The 2G+3G SGSN sends a TMSI Reallocation Complete message to the VLR if the MS confirms the VLR TMSI.
15) The 2G+3G SGSN and the BSS may execute the BSS Packet Flow Context procedure.
13)MS 返回RAU Complete(Receive N-PDU Number）消息给SGSN来确认对新P-TMSI的分配。Receive N-PDU Number（=转换的PDCP SND）包含了更新流程开始之前，使用了无损PDCP的对每个NSAPI的确认，因此确认了在开始更新流程之前所有MS接收的成功传递的N-PDU。如果 Receive N-PDU Number确认了对N-PDU的接收，那些N-PDU应被2G+3G SGSN丢弃。MS通过剥离PDCP SND的高8位有效位来得到Receive N-PDU Number。PDCP SND是一个PDCP序列号，用于标识在每个无线承载上，下一个期望在MS上收到的使用了无损PDCP的下行数据报文。New 2G-SGSN和MS为每个NSAPI协商使用确认或非确认SNDCP，而不管之前SRNS是否使用PDCP或没有使用。
14）2G+3G SGSN发送TMSI Reallocation Complete消息给VLR---如果MS确认了VLR TMSI的话。
15）2G+3G SGSN以及BSS可执行BSS Packet Flow Context流程。
6.13.1 Intra SGSN Intersystem Change
An SGSN that supports both the Gb and Iu PS interfaces may support an intra-SGSN intersystem change if the radio access technology nodes serving the MS before and after the intersystem change are both served by this SGSN.
一个同时支持Gb和Iu PS接口的SGSN可以支持一个intra-SGSN的系统间改变---当之前和之后为MS提供服务的无线接入技术节点由同一个SGSN服务的时候。
6.13.1.1 Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change
6.13.1.1.1 Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change using Gn/Gp
The intersystem change from Iu mode to A/Gb mode takes place when an MS changes from UTRAN or GERAN Iu mode to A/Gb mode. Depending on the PMM state before the intersystem change and whether the RA is changed or not, one of the following procedures is initiated by the MS:
- When an MS in PMM IDLE state changes to the A/Gb mode without changing the RA, the MS shall follow the selective RA update procedures, see clause "Selective RA Update".
- When an MS in PMM IDLE state changes to the A/Gb mode and the RA changes, the MS shall initiate the GPRS RA update procedure, see clause "Intra SGSN Routeing Area Update".
- When an MS in PMM CONNECTED state changes to the A/Gb mode, the MS shall initiate the GPRS RA update procedure independent of whether the RA has changed or not. The RA update procedure is either combined RA / LA update or only RA update.
从Iu模式到A/Gb模式的系统间改变，是在MS发生了从UTRAN或GERAN Iu模式到A/Gb模式的改变时产生的。根据在系统间改变发生之前的PMM状态以及RA是否改变，以下流程之一将由MS发起：
- 当MS在PMM-IDLE状态变更到A/Gb模式并且没改变RA,MS应执行选择性的RAU流程，参考章节“选择性RA更新”。
- 当MS在PMM-IDLE状态变更到A/Gb模式并且RA改变了，MS应发起GPRS RAU流程，参考章节“Intra SGSN RAU".
- 当MS在PMM-CONNECTED状态变更到A/Gb模式,不管有没有发生RA变化,MS都应发起一个GPRS RAU流程.这个RAU流程或者是一个联合的RA/LAU,或者只是一个RAU.
A combined RA / LA update takes place in network operation mode I when the MS enters a new RA or when a GPRS-attached MS performs IMSI attach. The MS sends a Routeing Area Update Request message indicating that an LA update may also need to be performed, in which case the SGSN forwards the LA update to the VLR. This concerns only idle mode (see TS 23.122 [7b]), as no combined RA / LA updates are performed during a CS connection. In the context of this specification, the terms RNS or RNC refer also to a GERAN BSS or BSC (respectively) when serving an MS in Iu mode.
一 个联合的RA/LAU发生在网络操作模式I---并且当MS进入了一个新的RA或当一个GPRS附着的MS执行了IMSI附着.MS发送RAU Request消息指示这是一个LAU可能也需要执行,SGSN转发LAU给VLR.这仅和idle模式有关(参考TS23.122),因为在一个CS连 接期间没有联合的RA/LAU被执行.本规范中上下文的描述中,RNS或RNC的术语也可以相应参考GERAN BSS或BSC---当为一个Iu模式的MS服务时.
Figure 52: Iu mode to A/Gb mode Intra SGSN Change
NOTE: All steps in figure 52 are common for architecture variants using Gn/Gp based interaction with a GGSN and using S4 based interactions with an S GW and P GW. For S4 based interaction with an S GW and P GW, procedure step (A) is defined in clause 6.13.1.1.2.
注释：在图例52中的所有步骤对于使用Gn/Gp接口和GGSN交互，还是使用S4接口和SGW/PGW交互的架构的都是公共的。基于S4接口和SGW/PGW的交互的步骤A，参考章节6.13.1.1.2。
1) The MS or RAN decides to perform an intersystem change which makes the MS switch to a new cell where A/Gb mode has to be used, and stops transmission to the network.
2) The MS sends a Routeing Area Update Request (old RAI, old P TMSI Signature, Update Type, Voice domain preference and UE's usage setting) message to the 2G+3G SGSN. Update Type shall indicate RA update or combined RA / LA-update or, if the MS wants to perform an IMSI attach, combined RA / LA update with IMSI attached requested. The BSS shall add the Cell Global Identity including the RAC and LAC of the cell where the message was received before passing the message to the 2G+3G SGSN. The UE sets the voice domain preference and UE's usage setting according to its configuration, as described in clause 5.3.15.
If there is an ongoing emergency bearer service and a Routing Area Update Request is received the Routing Area Update shall be rejected with a cause code indicating that access to GERAN is not allowed.
1）MS或RAN决定执行一个系统间改变，使得MS能切换到一个新的A/Gb模式下的小区，并且停止传递数据到网络。
2）MS 发送RAU请求（old RAI、old P-TMSI签名、更新类型、语音域优先级和UE的使用设置）消息给2G+3G SGSN。更新类型应指明这个一个RAU或是一个联合的RA/LAY或者，如果MS想执行一个IMSI的附着、带有IMSI附着请求的联合的RA /LAU。BSS应加入CGI（小区全球标识）并包括小区的RAC和LAC到这个接收的消息中，然后再传递给2G+3G SGSN。UE根据它自己的配置，按照章节5.3.15的描述，来设置语音域优先级和它的使用设置。
3) If the MS is PMM CONNECTED state, the 2G+3G SGSN sends an SRNS Context Request (IMSI) message to the SRNS.
4) Upon reception of the SRNS Context Request message, the SRNS starts buffering and stops sending downlink PDUs to the MS. The SRNS responds with an SRNS Context Response (GTP SNDs, GTP SNUs, PDCP-SNDs, PDCP SNUs) message. The GTP sequence numbers are included for each PDP context indicating the next in-sequence downlink GTP-PDU to be sent to the MS and the next in-sequence GTP PDU to be tunnelled to the GGSN. For each active PDP context, which uses lossless PDCP, the SRNS also includes the uplink PDCP sequence number (PDCP SNU) and the downlink PDCP sequence number (PDCP-SND). PDCP SNU is the PDCP sequence number for the next expected in-sequence uplink packet to be received from the MS. PDCP-SND is the PDCP sequence number for the first downlink packet for which successful transmission has not been confirmed. The 2G+3G SGSN shall strip off the eight most significant bits of the passed PDCP sequence numbers, thus converting them to SNDCP N PDU numbers of the respective 2G GPRS PDP contexts.
3）如果MS是在PMM-CONNECTED状态，2G+3G SGSN发送SRNS Context Request(IMSI)消息给SRNS。
4) 一旦接收到SRNS Context Request消息,SRNS开始缓存并且停止发送下行PDU给MS。SRNS响应一个SRNS Context Response(GTP SNDs、GTP SNUs、PDCP-SNDs、PDCP SNUs）消息。每个PDP上下文都包含了GTP序列号来指示序列中将要发送给MS的下一个下行GTP-PDU，以及序列中下一个将要发送给GGSN被封 装进隧道的GTP PDU。对每一个active的PDP上下文，如使用了无损PDCP，SRNS也应包含上行的PDCP序列号(PDCP SNU即Sequence Number Uplink)以及下行PDCP序列号(PDCP-SND即Sequence Number Downlink)。PDCP SNU是一个PDCP序列号，表示的是下一个期望的从MS接收的有序的上行数据报文。PDCP-SND是一个PDCP序列号，表示的是第一个成功传递但还 没有被确认的下行数据包。2G+3G SGSN应提取已经传递的PDCP序列号的八位最高有效位，将之转换为在2G GPRS PDP上下文中相应的SNDCP N PDU的值。
5) Security functions may be executed.
5）安全功能可以被执行。
6) If the MS is PMM CONNECTED, the 2G+3G SGSN sends an SRNS Data Forward Command (RAB ID, Transport Layer Address, Iu Transport Association) message to the SRNS. This informs the SRNS that the 2G+3G SGSN is ready to receive data packets. Upon reception of SRNS Data Forward Command message from the 2G+3G SGSN the SRNS shall start the data-forwarding timer.
6a)If Direct Tunnel was established in Iu mode the SGSN sends Update PDP Context Request to the GGSN(s) concerned to establish the GTP tunnel between SGSN and GGSN. The GGSN(s) update the address for User Plane and downlink TEID for data and return an Update PDP Context Response. Otherwise, if there were changes of for example the RAT type that e.g. can be used for charging, the SGSN sends Update PDP Context Request (SGSN Address and TEID, QoS Negotiated, RAT type) message to the GGSN.
6)如果MS是PMM-CONNECTED状 态，2G+3G SGSN发送SRNS Data Forward Command(RAB ID,传输层地址、Iu传输关联）消息给SRNS。这将通知SRNS，2G+3G SGSN已经准备好接收数据报文。一旦从2G+3G SGSN接收到这个消息，SRNS应开始启动数据转发计时器。
6a） 如果在Iu模式建立了直接隧道，SGSN发送Update PDP Context Request给关联的GGSN，来建立在SGSN和GGSN之间的GTP隧道。GGSN更新用户面地址和下行数据的TEID并返回Update PDP Context Response消息。除此以外，如果有别的变化，如RAT类型的变化需要用于计费目的，SGSN发送Update PDP Context Request(SGSN地址和TEID、协商的QOS、RAT类型）消息给GGSN。
7) For each RAB indicated by the SRNS Data Forward Command the SRNS starts duplicating and tunnelling the buffered GTP-PDUs back to the 2G+3G SGSN. For each radio bearer which uses lossless PDCP the GTP-PDUs related to transmitted but not yet acknowledged PDCP PDUs are duplicated and tunnelled back to the 2G+3G SGSN together with their related downlink PDCP sequence numbers. The 2G+3G SGSN converts the PDCP sequence numbers to SNDCP sequence number (by stripping off the eight most significant bits of the PDCP sequence numbers).
7） 由SRNS Data Forward Command指明的每一个RAB，SRNS开始将缓存的GTP-PDU复制并且封入隧道发给2G+3G SGSN。对使用了无损PDCP压缩的每一个无线承载，相关的已经传输但还没有得到确认的GTP-PDU，PDCP PDU将被复制并且和他们相关联的PDCP序列号一起通过隧道回传给2G+3G SGSN。2G+3G SGSN将把PDCP序列号转换为SNDCP序列号(通过去除PDCP序列号的最高8位）。
8) The 2G+3G SGSN sends an Iu Release Command message to the SRNS. When the RNC data-forwarding timer has expired, the SRNS responds with an Iu Release Complete message.
8）2G+3G SGSN发送Iu Release Command消息给SRNS。当RNC转发数据计时器超时，SRNS响应一个Iu Release Complete消息。
9) If the association has to be established i.e. if Update Type indicates combined RA / LA update with IMSI attach requested, or if the LA changed with the routeing area update, then the 2G+3G SGSN sends a Location Update Request (new LAI, IMSI, SGSN Number, Location Update Type) to the VLR. Location Update Type shall indicate IMSI attach if Update Type in step 1 indicated combined RA / LA update with IMSI attach requested. Otherwise, Location Update Type shall indicate normal location update. When the SGSN does not provide functionality for the Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes, the VLR number is derived from the RAI. When the SGSN provides functionality for Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes, the SGSN uses the RAI and a hash value from the IMSI to determine the VLR number. The VLR creates or updates the association with the 2G+3G SGSN by storing the SGSN Number.
9）如果关联需要建立，也就是更新类型指示 了带有IMSI附着的联合的RA/LAU请求，或在RAU时发生了LA的变化，那么2G+3G SGSN发送Location Update Request(新LAI、IMSI、SGSN编号、Location Update Type)给VLR。Location Update Type应指示为IMSI附着---如果在步骤1的更新类型指示的是带有IMSI附着请求的联合RA/LAU。除此以外，Location Update Type应指示为一个正常的Location Update。当SGSN不为多个CN节点提供到RAN节点的域内连接功能的话，VLR编号将从RAI获取。当SGSN提供这个功能时，SGSN使用 RAI以及从IMSI得到的一个哈希函数来决定VLR编号。VLR通过存储SGSN编号来创建或更新与2G+3G SGSN的关联。
10) If the subscriber data in the VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR, the new VLR informs the HLR. The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR:
a) The new VLR sends an Update Location (new VLR) to the HLR.
b) The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending Cancel Location (IMSI) to the old VLR.
c) The old VLR acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI).
d) The HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, subscriber data) to the new VLR.
e) The new VLR acknowledges with Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI).
f) The HLR responds with Update Location Ack (IMSI) to the new VLR.
10)如果VLR上的签约数据标记为未得到HLR的确认，则new VLR要通知HLR。HLR取消在old VLR上的数据并在new VLR插入新的用户签约数据：
a）new VLR发送update location(new VLR)给HLR。
b) HLR发送cancel location(IMSI)消息给old VLR来取消其上的数据。
c）old VLR发送cancel location ack（IMSI)进行确认。
d）HLR发送插入签约用户数据(IMSI,签约数据）给new VLR。
e）new VLR发送insert subscriber data ack(IMSI)进行确认。
f）HLR发送update location ack（IMSI）给new VLR进行响应。
11) The new VLR allocates a new VLR TMSI and responds with Location Update Accept (VLR TMSI) to the 2G+3G SGSN. VLR TMSI is optional if the VLR has not changed.
12) The 2G+3G SGSN validates the MS's presence in the new RA. If due to roaming restrictions or access restrictions the MS is not allowed to be attached in the RA, or if subscription checking fails, the 2G+3G SGSN rejects the routeing area update with an appropriate cause. If all checks are successful, the 2G+3G SGSN updates MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A new P TMSI may be allocated. A logical link is established between the new 2G+3G SGSN and the MS. 2G+3G-SGSN initiates the establishment procedure. A Routeing Area Update Accept (P TMSI, P TMSI Signature, Receive N PDU Number (= converted PDCP SNU), IMS voice over PS Session Supported Indication) message is returned to the MS. Receive N PDU Number contains the acknowledgements for each NSAPI which used lossless PDCP before the start of the update procedure, thereby confirming all mobile-originated N PDUs successfully transferred before the start of the update procedure. If Receive N PDU Number confirms the reception of N PDUs, these N PDUs shall be discarded by the MS. The IMS voice over PS Session Supported Indication is set as described in clause 5.3.8.
11）new VLR分配一个新的VLR TMSI并且响应location update accept(VLR TMSI)给2G+3G SGSN。VLR TMSI是可选的，如果VLR没有发生变化的话。
12）2G+3G SGSN验证在新RA中MS的存在性。如果因为漫游限制或接入限制，MS不允许附着到RA，或者如果签约检查失败，则2G+3G SGSN拒绝RAU并给出原因值。如果所有检查都成功，2G+3G SGSN更新MS的MM和PDP上下文。一个新的P-TMSI将被分配。一条逻辑链路将在new 2G+3G SGSN和MS之间建立。2G+3G SGSN发起建立流程。一个RAU accept(P-TMSI、P-TMSI签名、Receive N-PDU Number（=转换的PDCP SNU)，IMS voice over PS会话指示指示）消息将返回给MS。Receive N-PDU Number包含了在更新流程开始之前，使用了无损PDCP的对每个NSAPI的确认，因此确认了在开始更新流程之前所有MS发起的成功传递的N- PDU。如果Receive N-PDU Number确认了对N-PDU的接收，那些N-PDU应被MS丢弃。IMS voice over PS会话指示指示根据5.3.8章节描述设置。
13) The MS acknowledges the new P TMSI by returning a Routeing Area Update Complete (Receive N PDU Number) message to the SGSN. Receive N PDU Number (= converted PDCP SND) contains the acknowledgements for each NSAPI which used lossless PDCP before the start of the update procedure, thereby confirming all mobile-terminated N PDUs successfully transferred before the start of the update procedure. If Receive N PDU Number confirms the reception of N PDUs, these N PDUs shall be discarded by the 2G+3G-SGSN.The MS deducts Receive N PDU Number from PDCP SND by stripping off the eight most significant bits. PDCP SND is the PDCP sequence number for the next expected in-sequence downlink packet to be received in the MS per radio bearer, which used lossless PDCP. The new 2G-SGSN negotiates with the MS for each NSAPI the use of acknowledged or unacknowledged SNDCP regardless whether the SRNS used lossless PDCP or not.
14) The 2G+3G SGSN sends a TMSI Reallocation Complete message to the VLR if the MS confirms the VLR TMSI.
15) The 2G+3G SGSN and the BSS may execute the BSS Packet Flow Context procedure.
13)MS 返回RAU Complete(Receive N-PDU Number）消息给SGSN来确认对新P-TMSI的分配。Receive N-PDU Number（=转换的PDCP SND）包含了更新流程开始之前，使用了无损PDCP的对每个NSAPI的确认，因此确认了在开始更新流程之前所有MS接收的成功传递的N-PDU。如果 Receive N-PDU Number确认了对N-PDU的接收，那些N-PDU应被2G+3G SGSN丢弃。MS通过剥离PDCP SND的高8位有效位来得到Receive N-PDU Number。PDCP SND是一个PDCP序列号，用于标识在每个无线承载上，下一个期望在MS上收到的使用了无损PDCP的下行数据报文。New 2G-SGSN和MS为每个NSAPI协商使用确认或非确认SNDCP，而不管之前SRNS是否使用PDCP或没有使用。
14）2G+3G SGSN发送TMSI Reallocation Complete消息给VLR---如果MS确认了VLR TMSI的话。
15）2G+3G SGSN以及BSS可执行BSS Packet Flow Context流程。
回答者：
OscarDon
回答时间：2013-05-15 14:08
35
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简单来说LAU或者RAU过程就向CS或PS域核心网说明UE在该域中，并取得使用该域资源的权利。
LAU过程分为开机登记注册、周期性位置更新以及正常位置更新（位置区发生变更）；
RAU过程分为周期性的和正常的路由区更新（路由区发生变更）。
LAU过程分为开机登记注册、周期性位置更新以及正常位置更新（位置区发生变更）；
RAU过程分为周期性的和正常的路由区更新（路由区发生变更）。
回答者：
marinelick
回答时间：2013-05-24 13:37
36
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